It is known that genetic and environmental factors may influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pancreatic inflammation of T2D patients
is associated with pathophysiology of diabetes type 2. In this study, we investigated role of polymorphism of IL-1β (rs16944) and IL4 gene and
environmental factors in susceptibility to diabetes type 2.
190 diabetics and 210 healthy controls of central India were recruited. Anthropometric and lifestyle data were collected during sampling. Genetic
polymorphism study of IL-1β gene was undertaken using PCR-RFLP meanwhile IL-4 polymorphism was investigated using PCR-VNTR (Variable
number of tandem repeats) analysis. Genotype, allele frequencies and carriage rates of IL-1β and IL-4 polymorphisms were recorded.
Diabetic patients had higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (P<0.0001), HbA1c (P<0.0001) and Post prandial glucose (P<0.0001) compared to
control subjects. Nominal difference observed for LDL-C (P=0.0462), triglyceride (P=0.0024).
Diabetic patients had higher levels of weight of women (P=0.0024), Men (P=0.0157) and BMI of Women (P=0.0388), WHR in Women (P<0.0001) and WHR in Men (P=0.0147). Smoking habit data suggest odds ratio of smokers were 1.205 but statistically difference is not significant. Overall distribution of IL-β-511 genotypes was significantly different in Control as compared to diabetic patients. The frequencies of TT genotype (p =0.0047) and T allele ((P=0.0001) were significantly higher in patients than controls and associated with higher risk. An odds ratio of 1.781 of ‘T’ allele showed stronger association of overall “T’ allele frequency in diabetes susceptibility. Overall IL-4 distribution of genotype was weakly but significantly different in case and control populations. Genotype distribution of IL-4 suggest association of B2B2 (p =0.0347) genotype with susceptibility to diabetes type 2 but allele frequency and carriage rate was not found significantly different. Our findings suggest association of IL-β-511 and weak association of IL-4 genotype as well as obesity with diabetes type 2.