Conference Poster
Muteba Baseke Christian MD*
*Service de Dermatologie, Clinique Bondeko, Rue Yolo n°7259, Kinshasa-Limete, R.D. Congo
Corresponding author
Muteba Baseke Christian MD, Hospital Doctor Dermatologist, Service de Dermatologie, Clinique Bondeko, Rue Yolo n°7259, Kinshasa-Limete, R.D. Congo, Tel: +243811865445; E-mail: cbaseke@yahoo.fr
Received Date: 22nd June 2015
Accepted Date: 26th June 2015
Published Date: 29th June 2015
Citation
Christian MB (2015) Epidemiological Profile of Childhood Vitiligo: Study of 77 Cases in Kinshasa/R.D.Congo. Enliven: Clin Dermatol 1(5): 007.
Copyright
@ 2015 Dr. Muteba Baseke Christian. This is an Open Access article published and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Keywords
Vitiligo; Chilhood; Kinshasa
Introduction
Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by acquired complete epidermal depigmentation areas, it is the most common acquired hypomélanoses. This is a pathology, cosmopolitan, which affects about 1.5 to 2% of the world population, regardless of gender or ethnic origin [1].
Vitiligo usually starts in childhood or in young adults, about half to a third party develops the disease at age 20 and about 25% of them develops within 8 years with a mean age of onset between 4 and 5 years [2]. Vitiligo may also be hereditary, in fact, 20 to 30% of sufferers have a family member with the disease [3]. The controversy regarding its pathogenesis is still valid, several theories are used the most discussed of which are: autoimmune, neurogenic, autotoxique and oxidative stress. In its evolution, vitiligo may be associated with certain autoimmune diseases, including thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus and may affect social life.
Objective
The objective of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile in vitiligo patients aged 0-18 years with University Clinics of Kinshasa.
Materials and Methods
Nature and Scope of Study
This is a retrospective and descriptive study in Dermatology Department of the University Clinics of Kinshasa in the DRC. It covered a period from January 2000 to December 2009.
Selection of Cases
To be included in this study, patient records should contain at least epidemiological, clinical and laboratory. The records do not meet these criteria were excluded from this study. And 77 medical records were retained.
Statistical Analyzes
The EPI-INFO 6.04 software and Excel Version 6 were used for data entry, the EPI-INFO 6.04 software SPSS-PC + allowed us to perform statistical calculations. The chi square test of Pearson was used to compare the different frequencies (Figure 1).
Results
Sociodemographic Character
204 patients with vitiligo in all age groups were received during the same period, 77 patients with a lower age than or equal to 18 years (37.7% of cases of vitiligo in general). The average age of onset of the disease was 9 years old, the youngest age the patient was 12 months (Table 1).
|
Sex (n77) |
|||
|
Age (Year) |
Female |
Male |
Total |
|
0-6 |
19(24,6) |
10(12,9) |
29(37,6) |
|
07-12 |
21(27,2) |
5(6,4) |
26(33,7) |
|
13-18 |
15(19,4) |
7(9) |
22(28,5) |
|
Total |
55(71,4) |
22(28,5) |
77(100) |
Table 1 : Distribution of patients by age and sex
Clinical
|
Clinical Type |
Number of case |
% |
|
Non-segmental |
25 |
32,4 |
|
Segmental |
52 |
67,5 |
|
Total |
77 |
100 |
Table 2: Clinical types of vitiligo
|
Segment of body (n=77) |
||||||||
|
Age |
Head |
Neck |
Trunk |
U.L.* |
L.L.* |
Perinium |
Multiple |
Total |
|
0-6 |
5 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
5 |
8 |
5 |
29 |
|
7-12 |
8 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
9 |
5 |
26 |
|
13-18 |
6 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
7 |
22 |
|
Total |
19(24,6) |
3(3,8) |
7(9) |
3(3,8) |
9(11,6) |
19(24,6) |
17(22) |
77(100) |
Table 3: Distribution of the vitiligo according to the segments of the body affected
*U.L.: Upper Limbs
*L.L.: Lower Limbs
|
Sex (n=77) |
|||
|
Pathology |
Female |
Male |
Total |
|
Asthma |
2 |
2 |
4(5,1) |
|
Diabetes |
4 |
2 |
6(7,7) |
|
Other |
0 |
1 |
1(1,2) |
|
None |
49 |
17 |
66(85,7) |
|
Total |
55(71,4) |
22(28,5) |
77(100) |
Table 4: Antécédent of non dermatological pathology
|
Sex (n=77) |
|||
|
Pathology |
Female |
Male |
Total |
|
Albinos |
1 |
0 |
1(1,2) |
|
Vitiligo |
3 |
5 |
8(10,3) |
|
Other |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
None |
51 |
17 |
68(88,3) |
Table 5: Antécédent of hypomélanosis
Conclusion
Our findings are similar to those other authors cited in the literature, mainly as regards the high frequency female patients, segmental vitiligo and a family history of vitiligo.
References
- Krüger C, Schallreuter KU (2012) A review of the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo in children/adolescents and adults. Int J Dermatol 51: 1206-1212.
- Halder RM, Grimes PE, Cowan CA, Enterline JA, Chakrabarti SG, et al. (1987) Childhood vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 16: 948-954.
- https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/Pub/fr/Vitiligo-FRfrPub672.pdf
- Taieb A, Picardo (2009) Clinical practice. Vitiligo. N Engl J Med 360: 160-169.